HB 99 — An Act amending Titles 18 (Crimes and Offenses), 42 (Judiciary and Judicial Procedure) and 61 (Prisons and Parole) of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes, in authorized disposition of offenders, further providing for sentence for murder, murder of unborn child and murder of law enforcement officer; in arson, criminal mischief and other property destruction, further providing for the offense of arson and related offenses; in jurisdiction of appellate courts, further providing for direct appeals from courts of common pleas; in post-trial matters, further providing for postconviction DNA testing and for disposition and appeal; in sentencing, further providing for sentencing procedure for murder of the first degree; and, in execution procedure and method, repealing provisions relating to issuance of warrant.

PRINTER'S NO.   2448

                      THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF PENNSYLVANIA



                           HOUSE BILL
                           No. 99
                                                   Session of
                                                     2025

     INTRODUCED BY RABB, WAXMAN, KHAN, KRAJEWSKI, HOWARD, HANBIDGE,
        CEPEDA-FREYTIZ, BURGOS, VENKAT, RIVERA, KINKEAD, HOHENSTEIN,
        FRANKEL, OTTEN AND SHUSTERMAN, OCTOBER 10, 2025

     REFERRED TO COMMITTEE ON JUDICIARY, OCTOBER 16, 2025


                                       AN ACT
 1   Amending Titles 18 (Crimes and Offenses), 42 (Judiciary and
 2      Judicial Procedure) and 61 (Prisons and Parole) of the
 3      Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes, in authorized disposition
 4      of offenders, further providing for sentence for murder,
 5      murder of unborn child and murder of law enforcement officer;
 6      in arson, criminal mischief and other property destruction,
 7      further providing for the offense of arson and related
 8      offenses; in jurisdiction of appellate courts, further
 9      providing for direct appeals from courts of common pleas; in
10      post-trial matters, further providing for postconviction DNA
11      testing and for disposition and appeal; in sentencing,
12      further providing for sentencing procedure for murder of the
13      first degree; and, in execution procedure and method,
14      repealing provisions relating to issuance of warrant.
15      The General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
16   hereby enacts as follows:
17      Section 1.      Sections 1102(a) and 3301(b)(1) of Title 18 of
18   the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes are amended to read:
19   § 1102.    Sentence for murder, murder of unborn child and murder
20                   of law enforcement officer.
21      (a)    First degree.--
22             (1)   Except as provided under section 1102.1 (relating to
23      sentence of persons under the age of 18 for murder, murder of
 1      an unborn child and murder of a law enforcement officer), a
 2      person who has been convicted of a murder of the first degree
 3      or of murder of a law enforcement officer of the first degree
 4      shall be sentenced to [death or to] a term of life
 5      imprisonment in accordance with 42 Pa.C.S. § 9711 (relating
 6      to sentencing procedure for murder of the first degree).
 7             (2)   The sentence for a person who has been convicted of
 8      first degree murder of an unborn child shall be the same as
 9      the sentence for murder of the first degree.[, except that
10      the death penalty shall not be imposed. This paragraph shall
11      not affect the determination of an aggravating circumstance
12      under 42 Pa.C.S. § 9711(d)(17) for the killing of a pregnant
13      woman.]
14      * * *
15   § 3301.    Arson and related offenses.
16      * * *
17      (b)    Sentence.--
18             (1)   A person convicted of violating the provisions of
19      subsection (a)(2), murder of the first degree or second
20      degree, shall be sentenced to [death or] life imprisonment
21      without right to parole[; a person convicted of murder of the
22      second degree, pursuant to subsection (a)(2), shall be
23      sentenced to life imprisonment without right to parole].
24      Notwithstanding provisions to the contrary, no language
25      herein shall infringe upon the inherent powers of the
26      Governor to commute said sentence.
27             * * *
28      Section 2.     Sections 722(4), 9543.1(a)(6), (c)(2) and (3) and
29   (d)(2), 9577(a) and 9711 of Title 42 are amended to read:
30   § 722.    Direct appeals from courts of common pleas.

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 1      The Supreme Court shall have exclusive jurisdiction of
 2   appeals from final orders of the courts of common pleas in the
 3   following classes of cases:
 4            * * *
 5            (4)    Automatic review of sentences as provided by [42
 6      Pa.C.S. §§ 9546(d) (relating to relief and order) and 9711(h)
 7      (relating to review of death sentence)] section 9546(d)
 8      (relating to relief and order).
 9            * * *
10   § 9543.1.      Postconviction DNA testing.
11      (a)   Motion.--
12            * * *
13            (6)    The motion shall explain how, after review of the
14      record of the applicant's trial, there is a reasonable
15      possibility if the applicant is under State supervision, or
16      there is a reasonable probability if the applicant is not
17      under State supervision, or after review of the record of the
18      applicant's guilty plea there is a reasonable probability,
19      that the testing would produce exculpatory evidence that
20      would establish:
21                  (i)   the applicant's actual innocence of the offense
22            for which the applicant was convicted;
23                  [(ii)   in a capital case, the applicant's actual
24            innocence of the charged or uncharged conduct
25            constituting an aggravating circumstance under section
26            9711(d) (relating to sentencing procedure for murder of
27            the first degree) if the applicant's exoneration of the
28            conduct would result in vacating a sentence of death; or
29                  (iii)   in a capital case, a mitigating circumstance
30            under section 9711(e)(7) under the circumstances set

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 1            forth in section 9711(c)(1)(iv)].
 2      * * *
 3      (c)   Requirements.--In any motion under subsection (a), under
 4   penalty of perjury, the applicant shall:
 5            * * *
 6            (2)   (i)     in a sworn statement subject to the penalties
 7            under 18 Pa.C.S. §§ 4902 (relating to perjury) and 4903
 8            (relating to false swearing), assert the applicant's
 9            actual innocence of the offense for which the applicant
10            was convicted and that the applicant seeks DNA testing
11            for the purpose of demonstrating the applicant's actual
12            innocence; and
13                  [(ii)    in a capital case:
14                         (A)   assert the applicant's actual innocence of
15                  the charged or uncharged conduct constituting an
16                  aggravating circumstance under section 9711(d) if the
17                  applicant's exoneration of the conduct would result
18                  in vacating a sentence of death; or
19                         (B)   assert that the outcome of the DNA testing
20                  would establish a mitigating circumstance under
21                  section 9711(e)(7) if that mitigating circumstance
22                  was presented to the sentencing judge or jury and
23                  facts as to that issue were in dispute at the
24                  sentencing hearing.]
25            (3)   present a prima facie case demonstrating that the:
26                  (i)    identity of or the participation in the crime by
27            the perpetrator was at issue in the proceedings that
28            resulted in the applicant's conviction and sentencing;
29            and
30                  (ii)    DNA testing of the specific evidence, assuming

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 1          exculpatory results, would establish:
 2                      (A)    the applicant's actual innocence of the
 3                offense for which the applicant was convicted;
 4                      [(B)   in a capital case, the applicant's actual
 5                innocence of the charged or uncharged conduct
 6                constituting an aggravating circumstance under
 7                section 9711(d) if the applicant's exoneration of the
 8                conduct would result in vacating a sentence of death;
 9                or
10                      (C)    in a capital case, a mitigating circumstance
11                under section 9711(e)(7) under the circumstances set
12                forth in section 9711(c)(1)(iv).]
13    (d)   Order.--
14          * * *
15          (2)   The court shall not order the testing requested in a
16    motion under subsection (a) if, after review of the record of
17    the applicant's trial, the court determines that there is no
18    reasonable possibility for an applicant under State
19    supervision, or there is no reasonable probability for an
20    applicant not under State supervision, or after review of the
21    record of the applicant's guilty plea, the court determines
22    that there is no reasonable probability, that the testing
23    would produce exculpatory evidence that:
24                (i)   would establish the applicant's actual innocence
25          of the offense for which the applicant was convicted;
26                [(ii)   in a capital case, would establish the
27          applicant's actual innocence of the charged or uncharged
28          conduct constituting an aggravating circumstance under
29          section 9711(d) if the applicant's exoneration of the
30          conduct would result in vacating a sentence of death; or

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 1                    (iii)   in a capital case, would establish a
 2             mitigating circumstance under section 9711(e)(7) under
 3             the circumstances set forth in section 9711(c)(1)(iv).]
 4             * * *
 5   § 9577.    Disposition and appeal.
 6      [(a)    Capital unitary review.--Review by the Supreme Court
 7   under section 9711(h) (relating to review of death sentence)
 8   shall comprise direct appeal and collateral appeal. The common
 9   pleas court order disposing of the petition under this
10   subchapter shall constitute the final judgment for purposes of
11   this review.]
12      * * *
13   § 9711.    Sentencing procedure for murder of the first degree.
14      [(a)    Procedure in jury trials.--
15             (1)]    After a verdict of murder of the first degree is
16      recorded [and before the jury is discharged], the court shall
17      [conduct a separate sentencing hearing in which the jury
18      shall determine whether the defendant shall be sentenced to
19      death or] sentence the defendant to life imprisonment.
20             [(2)    In the sentencing hearing, evidence concerning the
21      victim and the impact that the death of the victim has had on
22      the family of the victim is admissible. Additionally,
23      evidence may be presented as to any other matter that the
24      court deems relevant and admissible on the question of the
25      sentence to be imposed. Evidence shall include matters
26      relating to any of the aggravating or mitigating
27      circumstances specified in subsections (d) and (e), and
28      information concerning the victim and the impact that the
29      death of the victim has had on the family of the victim.
30      Evidence of aggravating circumstances shall be limited to

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 1      those circumstances specified in subsection (d).
 2            (3)   After the presentation of evidence, the court shall
 3      permit counsel to present argument for or against the
 4      sentence of death. The court shall then instruct the jury in
 5      accordance with subsection (c).
 6            (4)   Failure of the jury to unanimously agree upon a
 7      sentence shall not impeach or in any way affect the guilty
 8      verdict previously recorded.
 9      (b)   Procedure in nonjury trials and guilty pleas.--If the
10   defendant has waived a jury trial or pleaded guilty, the
11   sentencing proceeding shall be conducted before a jury impaneled
12   for that purpose unless waived by the defendant with the consent
13   of the Commonwealth, in which case the trial judge shall hear
14   the evidence and determine the penalty in the same manner as
15   would a jury as provided in subsection (a).
16      (c)   Instructions to jury.--
17            (1)   Before the jury retires to consider the sentencing
18      verdict, the court shall instruct the jury on the following
19      matters:
20                  (i)    The aggravating circumstances specified in
21            subsection (d) as to which there is some evidence.
22                  (ii)    The mitigating circumstances specified in
23            subsection (e) as to which there is some evidence.
24                  (iii)    Aggravating circumstances must be proved by
25            the Commonwealth beyond a reasonable doubt; mitigating
26            circumstances must be proved by the defendant by a
27            preponderance of the evidence.
28                  (iv)    The verdict must be a sentence of death if the
29            jury unanimously finds at least one aggravating
30            circumstance specified in subsection (d) and no

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 1            mitigating circumstance or if the jury unanimously finds
 2            one or more aggravating circumstances which outweigh any
 3            mitigating circumstances. The verdict must be a sentence
 4            of life imprisonment in all other cases.
 5                  (v)   The court may, in its discretion, discharge the
 6            jury if it is of the opinion that further deliberation
 7            will not result in a unanimous agreement as to the
 8            sentence, in which case the court shall sentence the
 9            defendant to life imprisonment.
10            (2)   The court shall instruct the jury that if it finds
11      at least one aggravating circumstance and at least one
12      mitigating circumstance, it shall consider, in weighing the
13      aggravating and mitigating circumstances, any evidence
14      presented about the victim and about the impact of the murder
15      on the victim's family. The court shall also instruct the
16      jury on any other matter that may be just and proper under
17      the circumstances.
18      (d)   Aggravating circumstances.--Aggravating circumstances
19   shall be limited to the following:
20            (1)   The victim was a firefighter, peace officer, public
21      servant concerned in official detention, as defined in 18
22      Pa.C.S. § 5121 (relating to escape), judge of any court in
23      the unified judicial system, the Attorney General of
24      Pennsylvania, a deputy attorney general, district attorney,
25      assistant district attorney, member of the General Assembly,
26      Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Auditor General, State
27      Treasurer, State law enforcement official, local law
28      enforcement official, Federal law enforcement official or
29      person employed to assist or assisting any law enforcement
30      official in the performance of his duties, who was killed in

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 1    the performance of his duties or as a result of his official
 2    position.
 3        (2)     The defendant paid or was paid by another person or
 4    had contracted to pay or be paid by another person or had
 5    conspired to pay or be paid by another person for the killing
 6    of the victim.
 7        (3)     The victim was being held by the defendant for
 8    ransom or reward, or as a shield or hostage.
 9        (4)     The death of the victim occurred while defendant was
10    engaged in the hijacking of an aircraft.
11        (5)     The victim was a prosecution witness to a murder or
12    other felony committed by the defendant and was killed for
13    the purpose of preventing his testimony against the defendant
14    in any grand jury or criminal proceeding involving such
15    offenses.
16        (6)     The defendant committed a killing while in the
17    perpetration of a felony.
18        (7)     In the commission of the offense the defendant
19    knowingly created a grave risk of death to another person in
20    addition to the victim of the offense.
21        (8)     The offense was committed by means of torture.
22        (9)     The defendant has a significant history of felony
23    convictions involving the use or threat of violence to the
24    person.
25        (10)     The defendant has been convicted of another Federal
26    or State offense, committed either before or at the time of
27    the offense at issue, for which a sentence of life
28    imprisonment or death was imposable or the defendant was
29    undergoing a sentence of life imprisonment for any reason at
30    the time of the commission of the offense.

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 1        (11)   The defendant has been convicted of another murder
 2    committed in any jurisdiction and committed either before or
 3    at the time of the offense at issue.
 4        (12)   The defendant has been convicted of voluntary
 5    manslaughter, as defined in 18 Pa.C.S. § 2503 (relating to
 6    voluntary manslaughter), or a substantially equivalent crime
 7    in any other jurisdiction, committed either before or at the
 8    time of the offense at issue.
 9        (13)   The defendant committed the killing or was an
10    accomplice in the killing, as defined in 18 Pa.C.S. § 306(c)
11    (relating to liability for conduct of another; complicity),
12    while in the perpetration of a felony under the provisions of
13    the act of April 14, 1972 (P.L.233, No.64), known as The
14    Controlled Substance, Drug, Device and Cosmetic Act, and
15    punishable under the provisions of 18 Pa.C.S. § 7508
16    (relating to drug trafficking sentencing and penalties).
17        (14)   At the time of the killing, the victim was or had
18    been involved, associated or in competition with the
19    defendant in the sale, manufacture, distribution or delivery
20    of any controlled substance or counterfeit controlled
21    substance in violation of The Controlled Substance, Drug,
22    Device and Cosmetic Act or similar law of any other state,
23    the District of Columbia or the United States, and the
24    defendant committed the killing or was an accomplice to the
25    killing as defined in 18 Pa.C.S. § 306(c), and the killing
26    resulted from or was related to that association, involvement
27    or competition to promote the defendant's activities in
28    selling, manufacturing, distributing or delivering controlled
29    substances or counterfeit controlled substances.
30        (15)   At the time of the killing, the victim was or had

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 1      been a nongovernmental informant or had otherwise provided
 2      any investigative, law enforcement or police agency with
 3      information concerning criminal activity and the defendant
 4      committed the killing or was an accomplice to the killing as
 5      defined in 18 Pa.C.S. § 306(c), and the killing was in
 6      retaliation for the victim's activities as a nongovernmental
 7      informant or in providing information concerning criminal
 8      activity to an investigative, law enforcement or police
 9      agency.
10            (16)    The victim was a child under 12 years of age.
11            (17)    At the time of the killing, the victim was in her
12      third trimester of pregnancy or the defendant had knowledge
13      of the victim's pregnancy.
14            (18)    At the time of the killing the defendant was
15      subject to a court order restricting in any way the
16      defendant's behavior toward the victim pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.
17      Ch. 61 (relating to protection from abuse) or any other order
18      of a court of common pleas or of the minor judiciary designed
19      in whole or in part to protect the victim from the defendant.
20      (e)   Mitigating circumstances.--Mitigating circumstances
21   shall include the following:
22            (1)    The defendant has no significant history of prior
23      criminal convictions.
24            (2)    The defendant was under the influence of extreme
25      mental or emotional disturbance.
26            (3)    The capacity of the defendant to appreciate the
27      criminality of his conduct or to conform his conduct to the
28      requirements of law was substantially impaired.
29            (4)    The age of the defendant at the time of the crime.
30            (5)    The defendant acted under extreme duress, although

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 1      not such duress as to constitute a defense to prosecution
 2      under 18 Pa.C.S. § 309 (relating to duress), or acted under
 3      the substantial domination of another person.
 4            (6)   The victim was a participant in the defendant's
 5      homicidal conduct or consented to the homicidal acts.
 6            (7)   The defendant's participation in the homicidal act
 7      was relatively minor.
 8            (8)   Any other evidence of mitigation concerning the
 9      character and record of the defendant and the circumstances
10      of his offense.
11      (f)   Sentencing verdict by the jury.--
12            (1)   After hearing all the evidence and receiving the
13      instructions from the court, the jury shall deliberate and
14      render a sentencing verdict. In rendering the verdict, if the
15      sentence is death, the jury shall set forth in such form as
16      designated by the court the findings upon which the sentence
17      is based.
18            (2)   Based upon these findings, the jury shall set forth
19      in writing whether the sentence is death or life
20      imprisonment.
21      (g)   Recording sentencing verdict.--Whenever the jury shall
22   agree upon a sentencing verdict, it shall be received and
23   recorded by the court. The court shall thereafter impose upon
24   the defendant the sentence fixed by the jury.
25      (h)   Review of death sentence.--
26            (1)   A sentence of death shall be subject to automatic
27      review by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania pursuant to its
28      rules.
29            (2)   In addition to its authority to correct errors at
30      trial, the Supreme Court shall either affirm the sentence of

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 1      death or vacate the sentence of death and remand for further
 2      proceedings as provided in paragraph (4).
 3            (3)   The Supreme Court shall affirm the sentence of death
 4      unless it determines that:
 5                  (i)    the sentence of death was the product of
 6            passion, prejudice or any other arbitrary factor; or
 7                  (ii)    the evidence fails to support the finding of at
 8            least one aggravating circumstance specified in
 9            subsection (d).
10            (4)   If the Supreme Court determines that the death
11      penalty must be vacated because none of the aggravating
12      circumstances are supported by sufficient evidence, then it
13      shall remand for the imposition of a life imprisonment
14      sentence. If the Supreme Court determines that the death
15      penalty must be vacated for any other reason, it shall remand
16      for a new sentencing hearing pursuant to subsections (a)
17      through (g).
18      (i)   Record of death sentence to Governor.--Where a sentence
19   of death is upheld by the Supreme Court, the prothonotary of the
20   Supreme Court shall transmit to the Governor a full and complete
21   record of the trial, sentencing hearing, imposition of sentence,
22   opinion and order by the Supreme Court within 30 days of one of
23   the following, whichever occurs first:
24            (1)   the expiration of the time period for filing a
25      petition for writ of certiorari or extension thereof where
26      neither has been filed;
27            (2)   the denial of a petition for writ of certiorari; or
28            (3)   the disposition of the appeal by the United States
29      Supreme Court, if that court grants the petition for writ of
30      certiorari.

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 1   Notice of this transmission shall contemporaneously be provided
 2   to the Secretary of Corrections.]
 3      Section 3.     Section 4302 of Title 61 is repealed:
 4   [§ 4302.    Issuance of warrant.
 5      (a)     Time.--
 6            (1)   After the receipt of the record pursuant to 42
 7      Pa.C.S. § 9711(i) (relating to sentencing procedure for
 8      murder of the first degree), unless a pardon or commutation
 9      has been issued, the Governor shall, within 90 days, issue a
10      warrant specifying a day for execution which shall be no
11      later than 60 days after the date the warrant is signed.
12            (2)   If, because of a reprieve or a judicial stay of the
13      execution, the date of execution passes without imposition of
14      the death penalty, unless a pardon or commutation has been
15      issued, the Governor shall, within 30 days after receiving
16      notice of the termination of the reprieve or the judicial
17      stay, reissue a warrant specifying a day for execution which
18      shall be no later than 60 days after the date of reissuance
19      of the warrant.
20      (b)     Secretary.--The warrant shall be directed to the
21   secretary commanding that the subject of the warrant be executed
22   on the day named in the warrant and in the manner prescribed by
23   law.
24      (c)     Failure to timely comply.--If the Governor fails to
25   timely comply with the provisions of this section and a pardon
26   or commutation has not been issued, the secretary shall, within
27   30 days following the Governor's failure to comply, schedule and
28   carry out the execution no later than 60 days from the date by
29   which the Governor was required to sign the warrant under
30   subsection (a).]

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1      Section 4.   This act shall apply to defendants and
2   individuals who have not been sentenced as of the effective date
3   of this section.
4      Section 5.   This act shall take effect in 60 days.




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